May 22, 2019
Last updated: May 18th, 2023
For a large percentage of B2B businesses, purchase orders (PO) are a lifeline. For both buyers and vendors, a single PO can be the difference between achieving the goals it has set forth for the upcoming fiscal quarter or year. Understanding and streamlining the PO process will allow your business to operate with efficiency, allowing for a more positive experience for everyone involved.
Below is an extremely basic and easy-to-understand model documenting the usual flow of a PO from buyer to vendor and back to buyer. When creating a PO process for your business, it is important that it takes these basic steps into account.
Step 1: Buyer creates an internal purchase requisition
While many small businesses may skip this step altogether, it is still important to note as it remains vital for those in highly structured organizations. However, this process varies by company.
The employee responsible for the purchase will usually fill out documentation requesting funds from the firm’s finance or purchasing department for a particular purpose. This department then has the ability to approve or deny the purchase requisition.
Step 2: Buyer sends purchase order to vendor
In the event of an approved requisition, the PO is ready to be created and sent out! Smaller companies will usually begin the PO process here.
The average PO will look a lot like any other document on official letterhead that is owned by the business. It will include pertinent company information, such as:
- Mailing address
- Email address
- Phone number
- The name of the buying firm’s primary contact
The buyer will also include necessary information about the vendor. From there, the names and quantities of the items requested are listed. Their respective prices are calculated, with taxes, fees, and shipping to come up with a total value for the PO.
Step 3: Vendor chooses to accept or deny PO
Upon receipt of the PO, the vendor will process the request and determine if it has the capacity to fill the order. The vendor may choose to reject the buyer’s PO for a variety of reasons, including:
- Inaccurate prices listed on PO
- Products/services listed on PO are unavailable
- The PO cannot be fulfilled as requested
Vendors must ensure that all requirements laid out in the PO can be met by their organization, as it is a legally binding document.
Step 4: Vendor fulfills the purchase order
Once approved, the vendor will fulfill the terms of the purchase order as agreed upon by both parties. This process will, of course, vary from PO to PO. On one end of the spectrum, a local supplier receiving a purchase order for a supply of goods will prepare and ship those items in this step.
On the other hand, a top-rated law firm receiving a PO from a client will begin working on what could become a year-long dispute. An invoice is sent to the buyer at the conclusion of the fulfilment period.
Step 5: Buyer performs a three-way match
Once the goods and/or services are provided, the buyer will match the initial purchase requisition, PO, and invoice to ensure that all elements align. These will also be matched against the actual goods delivered or service hours performed. Any discrepancies are usually handled by simply contacting the vendor and explaining the situation. Once settled, the PO can officially be closed.
Processing purchase orders is critical for all businesses
Whether small or large, nearly all businesses will send or receive a PO at some point within the existence of their organization. While somewhat confusing initially, POs provide clear and concise expectations from both parties in the engagement.
It is also important to reiterate that these are legal documents that will stand firm in the event of litigation. Be sure to reference this guide in its entirety when carrying out your business’s first PO.
